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17TH CENTURY KORNJUDE ("CORN JEW") MEDALS by CHRISTIAN WERMUTH:
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Germany: "Corn Jew" / vertical grain sifter medal, 1694; struck in silver; by Christian Wermuth (Silesia); size: 36mm, weight: 13.75g.
Obverse: Jewish peddler in landscape facing right, with cane and Devil tearing open the corn sack, and legend "DU KORN IUDE." above, and "THEUREZEIT 1694" ("Expensive Time 1694") in two straight lines at base.
Reverse: an upright (vertical) grain sifter ("aufrechtes scheffelmass") and a quotation from Proverbs 11:26 saying that those who withhold corn are cursed by the people.
In VF+/EF though possible signs of dipping - nevertheless in excellent physical condition; JM-3 and 109, Kirschner-18, Brettauer-1900
More pictures: obverse of medal, reverse of medal
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Item Code: 0130291 Price: €475
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Germany: "Corn Jew" / horizontal grain sifter medal, 1694; struck in pewter; by Christian Wermuth (Silesia); size: 34mm, weight: 15.7g.
Obverse: Jewish peddler (no landscape) facing right, with cane and Devil tearing open the corn sack, and legend "DU KORN IUDE." above, and "THEUREZEIT 1694" ("Expensive Time 1694") in one curved line at base.
Reverse: a horizontal grain sifter ("liegendes scheffelmass") and a quotation from Proverbs 11:26 ("those who withhold corn are cursed by the people") partially around the edge of the medal and rest of legend on inside rim of sifter, "WER KORN INNHAELT DEM FLUCHEN DIE LEUTHE".
In F-VF; scarce in this design; JM-4 and 110 (2nd full listing on page), variant of Kirschner-20, Brettauer-1901.
More pictures: obverse of medal, reverse of medal
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Item Code: 0130292 Price: SOLD
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Germany: Kornjudenmedaille "Corn Jew" / horizontal grain sifter medal: a 1740 dated variant of JM-4 and 110 (2nd full listing on page) and Brettauer-1901 unlisted by either or Kischner; in silver alloy(?); size: 32mm, weight: 11.25g. Similar design but smaller than the 1694 original:
Obverse: depicts Jewish peddler (no landscape) facing right, with cane and Devil tearing open the corn sack, and legend "DU KORN IUDE." above, and "THEUREZEIT" with date (1740) curved at base.
Reverse: a horizontal grain sifter ("liegendes scheffelmass") and a quotation from Proverbs 11:26 ("those who withhold corn are cursed by the people") partially around the edge of the medal and rest of legend on inside rim of sifter, "WER KORN INNHAELT DEM FLUCHEN DIE LEUTHE".
Apprently re-struck using re-cut dies, and the original date has been primitively removed and replaced with an equally primitive "1740" etched thinly in its place; the original mound of earth under the peddler's feet is less visible here, so a thin horizontal line to deliniate the "ground" has also been etched in. Both sets of etchings appear added after the striking.
The lettering on obverse and reverse is finer (thinner) than the original but fuzzy in places; peddler's details are also flat and blobby.
Not made by either of the original anti-Semitic "Korn Jude" medalists, Christian Wermuth (1661-1739), or Johann Christian Reich (1740-1814), as both weren't alive or at a suitable age then. Friedenberg comments that Korn Jude medals exist almost continuously from 1694 to 1773 (and then again in 1923); he notes a one-time issuance of such a medal in 1696, and so it may be that this 1740 issue either coincides with a minor instance of food scarcity / inflation, or was made by a collector. Rare; in UNC.
More pictures: obverse of medal, reverse of medal
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Item Code: 0130293 Price: €335
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Germany: "Corn Jew" Kornjudenmedaille / Hanging Jew medal, 1694-1695 - rare variant in lead; by Christian Wermuth; size: 37.5mm, weight: 25.75g.
Obverse: house of peasant with stork nest on top, left of hanging Jew in tree with Devil on the rope and long corn stalks in field on right, with legend "Du Korn Iude." ("You Corn Jew") above, and legend below on two lines: "Wolfeile Zeit" ("Cheap Times") and "1695.".
Reverse: walking Jew facing right, with Devil sitting on his sack of grain with German legend "Du Korn Iude." ("You Corn Jew") above, and "Theure Zeit.1694." ("Expensive Times") below in one line.
Not listed either in Kirschner or Brettauer, but does appear (listed as a silver issue) in both JM-111 and P.u.R. 79. In AU: the strike is weak, possibly because of the metal used. For a related item, see 0130300.
More pictures: obverse of medal, reverse of medal, lettering detail
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Item Code: 0130264 Price: €275
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Germany: Kornjudenmedaille "Corn Jew" / Hanging Jew medal, 1694-1695; rare variant struck in copper; by Christian Wermuth; size: 34.5mm, weight: 14.2g.
Obverse: house of peasant with stork nest on top, left of hanging Jew in tree with Devil on the rope and long corn stalks in field on right, with legend "Du Korn Iude." ("You Corn Jew") above, and legend below on two lines: "Wolfeile Zeit 1695." ("Cheap Times").
Reverse: walking Jew facing right, with Devil sitting on his sack of grain with German legend "Du Korn Iude." ("You Corn Jew") above, and "Theure Zeit.1694." ("Expensive Times") below in one line.
Not listed either in Kirschner or Brettauer, but does appear (listed as a silver issue) in both JM-111 and P.u.R. 79. In EF: excellent detail and traces of original luster. For a related item, see 0130264.
More pictures: obverse of medal, reverse of medal
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Item Code: 0130300 Price: €600
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Germany: Kornjudenmedaille "Corn Jew" Hanging Jew / horizontal grain sifter medal ("Hängender Kornjude - Liegendes Scheffelmass"), 1695; struck in tin; by Christian Wermuth; size: 33.5mm, weight: 10.85g.
Obverse: house of peasant with stork nest on top, left of hanging Jew in tree with Devil on the rope and long corn stalks in field on right, and German legend "Du Korn Iude." ("You Corn Jew") above and "Wolfeile Zeit" ("Cheap Times") below (like JM-5).
Reverse: horizontal grain sifter with quotation from Proverbs, but design is different to what referenced sources document: part of the legend is along the edge ("Wer Korn Innhaelt Fluchen Die Leuthe") and the remainder appears on the outer rim(!) of the sifter; quotation source appears on the inside wall(!) of the sifter - unlike the reverses described in the sources below (and other sources used by them, like JM-4).
In UNC, with excellent detail and luster; one spot of surface dirt on rev.; a few signs of surface imperfections in the tin planchet itself (rim and reverse); a few very light rim nicks; JM-110/111 (vaguely defined; no tin issues listed); similar to Kirschner 26 and P.u.R. 78 (but without Lucas reference on obverse, and with horizontal, not vertical, sifter; only silver issues listed); may be Brettauer-1902.
More pictures: obverse of medal, reverse of medal
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Item Code: 0130299 Price: €400
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Germany: Kornjudenmedaille "Corn Jew" Hanging Jew ("Hängender Kornjude - Liegendes Scheffelmass") / horizontal grain sifter medal, 1695; struck in silver; by Christian Wermuth; size: 34mm, weight: 14.4g.
Obverse: house of peasant with stork nest on top, left of hanging Jew in tree with Devil on the rope and long corn stalks in field on right, and German legend "Du Korn Iude." ("You Corn Jew") above and "Wolfeile Zeit 1695." ("Cheap Times") below on two lines.
Reverse: horizontal grain sifter with quotation from Proverbs with part of the legend along the edge ("Wer Korn Innhaelt Fluchen Die Leuthe") and the remainder on inside rim of sifter; quotation source on outside edge of the sifter.
In EF with good detail: some light wear on reverse; blobby details on obverse appears due to weak strike; exhibits toning and luster; Kirschner 25; Antoine-Feill #2721 (p.136 & photos IX); Brettauer-1903; JM-110/111.
More pictures: obverse of medal, reverse of medal
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Item Code: 0130301 Price: €475
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17TH CENTURY KORNJUDE ("CORN JEW") JETONS by JOHANN CHRISTIAN REICH:
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Germany: Corn Jew / horizontal grain sifter jeton ("Kornjude - liegendes scheffelmass"), 1772, by Johann Christian Reich; struck probably in pewter (but not tin - unless an alloy using a heavier metal); size: 29mm, weight: 6.4g.
Obverse: Jewish grain peddler facing right, towards open jaws of allegator on obverse, and horizontal grain sifter on reverse. Legend reads "Korn Iude Ver Zwei Fel. Und Geh Zum" ("The Corn Jew Branches out and Goes Forth") and "Theure Zeit 1772." ("Expensive Times 1772") below the image of the peddler.
Reverse: legend reads "Furchte Gott." ("Fear G-d") and "Wer Korn Innehelt dem Fluchen Die Leute Aber Seegen Komt Uber den der is Verkauft" with the medalist's name below.
Brettauer-1908; JM-120; a variant of Kirschner-24. In EF, with a tiny fragment missing from the base, but otherwise in stunning condition (peddler's teeth visible) and with luster.
More pictures: obverse of token, reverse of token
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Item Code: 0130279 Price: €475
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Germany: Corn Jew / horizontal grain sifter jeton ("Kornjude - liegendes scheffelmass"), 1772 in Sachsen (Saxony)-Thuringen, by Johann Christian Reich; struck probably in pewter (but not tin - unless an alloy using a heavier metal); size: 29mm, weight: 6.75g.
Obverse: Jewish grain peddler facing left with Devil on his sack, towards open jaws of allegator. The legend reads "Korn Iude Ver Zwei Fel. U: Geh Zum" ("The Corn Jew Branches out and Goes Forth") and "Dantes" between peddler's legs (a reference to "Dante's Inferno") and "Theure Zeit 1772" ("Expensive Times 1772") below the image of the peddler.
Reverse: horizontal grain sifter; legend reads "Furchte Gott." ("Fear G-d") and "Wer Korn Innehelt dem Fluchen Die Leute Aber Seegen Komt Uber den der is Verkauft" with the medalist's name below.
Kirschner #24, Brettauer #1910 and JM-120 (2nd fully listed item on page). In VF, and details of the peddler's face are still visible.
More pictures: obverse of token, reverse of token
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Item Code: 0130281 Price: €400
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Germany: Kornjude "Pricelist" jeton variant ("Kornjudenmedaille - Preisliste"), 1772, issued in the city of Furth; by Johann Christian Reich; struck probably in pewter (not in tin as similar medals are listed, as this piece is not so light); size: 29mm, weight: 7.1g.
Obverse: Jewish grain peddler facing right; animal on grain sack indeed appears to be a goat (rather than the usual devil figure, as in JM-118, whose tail is pointed on other similar coins), and German legend reads "Korn Iud Ver Zweifel U. Geh Zum" (without a period after "Zweifel" as on other similar jetons in Reich's series, and "Jew" spelled "Iud" rather than "Iude").
Obverse is most similar to piece described by Friedenberg JM-117 (bottom item listed; more similar than JM-118, ref. devil figure), except for figure facing right on this piece.
Reverse: "medalic strike" (i.e. not rotated; aligned in same direction as obverse); depicts 11-line pricelist of food items for the year "1771".
Here, unlike Kirschner #23 and Brettauer #1909, the obverse design and legend is different and on reverse the list is 11 lines long (an additional food item is listed here) rather than 10, and there is a bar separating the pricelist from Reich's name; very similar overall to Fieweger-88 (except for that extra line in the pricelist). In VF+, with dark toning/tarnish on reverse.
More pictures: obverse of jeton, reverse of jeton
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Item Code: 0130280 Price: €600
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Germany: Corn Jew "Pricelist" jeton ("Kornjudenmedaille - Preisliste"), 1772; by Johann Christian Reich; struck in brass; size: 28.5mm, weight: 6.55g.
Obverse: Jewish grain peddler facing left with Devil on his sack, towards open jaws of allegator on obverse. The legend reads "Korn Iude Ver Zwei Fel. U: Geh Zum" ("The Corn Jew Branches out and Goes Forth") and "Dantes" between peddler's legs (a reference to "Dante's Inferno") and "Theure Zeit 1772" ("Expensive Times 1772") below the image of the peddler.
Reverse: rotated strike (appears in opposite direction from obverse), and legend is 10-lines long (the date "1771", 7 lines of food prices, and 2 lines for Reich's name and city.
Kirschner #23, Brettauer #1909 and JM-118 (2nd item listed on page); Kirshner writes that the jeton was issued in Sachsen (Saxony)-Thuringen though adds the cities of Furth and Nuremberg (both in Bavaria) as its possible places of mintage. In VF-EF: edges are worn but design details are sharp.
More pictures: obverse of token, reverse of token
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Item Code: 0130282 Price: €500
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Germany: Kornjudenmedaille "Corn Jew" of grain peddler, vertical sifter and initials C.G.R.U., 1772; by Johann Christian Reich (Sachsen-Thuringen); pewter(?) on thin planchet; size: 39mm, weight: 10.05g.
Obverse: "fat" Jewish grain peddler facing right with Devil cutting a hole in the sack, against backdrop of landscape; legend above reads "DV KORN IUDE.", and below on three lines: "THEURE ZEIT 1624 : 1772 C.G.R.U.".
Reverse: upright grain sifter against landscape backdrop, with quotation from Proverbs 11:26, and beneath the large letter "J", the [medallist's?] initials "C.G.R.U.".
Edge is beeded; curious flat cut on top end of the medal - may be from style of mintage (or from removal of tallion loop, though not likely as not mentioned in any references used).
Friendenberg (JM-6) notes that these larger made jetons include the letters "C.G.R.U." in locations where medalists would have added their names, but is unable to say what their meaning is; he is also of the impression (JM-118) that the date "1624" may be a mistake on the medalist's part and perhaps should have been "1694" - in reference to the first made "Korn Jude" medals.
This piece is listed in all four mentioned references as being in lead or tin although by its weight and appearance the metal may actually pewter. Die seam visible along rim where both side's dies compressed the metal. In EF-AU, with original luster and a few surficial oxidation marks; Kirschner-22; JM-118-119 (last listing on page); Brettauer-1904 (his description references "1694" and not "1624"); P.u.R-128.
More pictures: obverse of medal, reverse of medal
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Item Code: 0130296 Price: €600
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Germany: Kornjudenmedaille "Corn Jew" medal of woman ("hausfrau") and grain peddler, 1771-1772; by Johann Christian Reich (Sachsen-Thuringen); pewter(?); size: 38mm, weight: 17.35g.
Obverse: housewife with clenched fists imploring Jewish grain peddler (facing right) to give her corn to feed her family, with Devil cutting a hole in the sack; legend above reads "DU KORN IUDE den 12. Mertz: 1694.", and below on two lines: "Theure Zeit auch 1771.1772".
Reverse: upright grain sifter with quotation from Proverbs 11:26.
This piece is listed in all three mentioned references as being in lead although by its weight and appearance the metal may actually pewter. Die seam visible along rim where both side's dies compressed the metal.
In AU-UNC with original luster in places, and with a few very minor rim nicks (flattened details and letters appear the result of die strike and not from wear); Kirschner-28; JM-118 (1st listing on page); Brettauer-1906; Fieweger-86.
More pictures: obverse of medal, reverse of medal
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Item Code: 0130294 Price: €600
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Germany: Kornjudenmedaille "Corn Jew" variant medal of woman ("hausfrau") and grain peddler, 1772; by Johann Christian Reich (Sachsen-Thuringen); pewter(?); 39mm, 17.4g.
Obverse: "small" housewife with raised arms imploring "fat" Jewish grain peddler (facing right) to give her corn to feed her family, with Devil cutting a hole in the sack; legend above reads "DU KORN IUDE DEN 12 MERTZ", and below on two lines: "THEURE ZEIT 1694 1772".
Reverse: upright grain sifter against landscape backdrop, with quotation from Proverbs 11:26. Curious flat cut on top end of the medal - may be from style of mintage (or from removal of tallion loop, though not likely as not mentioned in any references used).
This piece is listed in all four mentioned references as being in lead or tin although by its weight and appearance the metal may actually pewter.
Die seam visible along rim where both side's dies compressed the metal. In AU-UNC and original luster (a few flattened letters appear the result of weak strike and not from wear); Kirschner-28 (variant); JM-118 (1st listing on page); Brettauer-1905; P.u.R-130; Fieweger-85 (but there listed as facing left).
More pictures: obverse of medal, reverse of medal
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Item Code: 0130295 Price: €600
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17TH CENTURY INFLATIONARY-FAMINE PERIOD JETONS by JOHANN CHRISTIAN REICH:
The following "Josefs Jeton" pieces by Reich, depicting Joseph and his brothers, are similar to one another except for differences in the metal content and slight changes in design. One design with the legend "DIE THEURUNG IM LAND. MACHT IOSEPH BEKANT" ("The Famine in the Land Makes Joseph"), struck during a time of high inflation in 1771-1772, is an "anti-Semitic" version drawing upon the 7 year famine in Biblical Egypt and seemingly ascribing the fault for it to Joseph (the Jew) himself. Another design with the legend "LIEB DIE BRŰDER GOTT GIBTS WIEDER" ("The Brother Loves the G-d Who Gives Again") was struck in 1772 and appears to inspire praise in G-d rather than blaming Joseph for the strife. Kischner is hesistant to classify these jetons as anti-Semitic, and Forrer mentons Reich's famine era counters (jetons) only in passing, summing up (vol. 5, p.71) Reich's artistic legacy thus: "One can only confirm Bolzenthal's appreciation of this Medallist's work, that it does not rank very high in artistic merit."
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Germany: Joseph and His Brothers inflationary Jeton ("Josefs-Jeton" - "Joseph und Seine Bruder" Rechenpfennig), 1772; struck in copper; by Johann Christian Reich (Germany, Brandenburg): size: 30mm, weight: 6g.
Obverse: depicts Joseph (without corn-sack) and his brothers (kneeling before him) surmounted by German legend "DIE THEURUNG IM LAND. MACHT IOSEPH BEKANT." (loosely translated as "The Famine in the Land Makes Joseph"), and below on 3 lines: "IOH:CH:REICH.FEC" and "DANTES.FA: 1772.".
Reverse: coin rotation strike (obverse and reverse inverted to each other); 14-lined legend starting with "1771" and listing various food item costs; text ends with year "1772.".
In VF-EF (possibly even an UNC piece with poor detail due to a weak strike) - exhibits excellent luster and lovely toning; reverse shows great detail though two spots appear faintly due to weak strike; Brettauer-1936; P.u.R.-154; struck in copper/alloy(!) - not listed with this metal in Brettauer or P.u.R. See item 0130290 for a specimen in copper.
More pictures: obverse of jeton, reverse of jeton
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Item Code: 0130288 Price: €175
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Germany: Joseph and His Brothers inflationary Jeton ("Josefs-Jeton" - "Joseph und Seine Bruder" Rechenpfennig), 1772; struck in brass; by Johann Christian Reich (Germany, Brandenburg): size: 29.25mm, weight: 6.8g; ex. Robert Ball Munzenhandlung of Berlin auction, circa. mid-1920's.
Obverse: depicts Joseph (without corn-sack) and his brothers (kneeling before him) surmounted by German legend "DIE THEURUNG IM LAND. MACHT IOSEPH BEKANT." ("The Famine in the Land Makes Joseph"), and below on 3 lines: "IOH:CH:REICH.FEC" and "DANTES.FA: 1772.".
Reverse: rotated strike of 14 lines of text starting with "1771" and listing what various food items cost; text ends with year "1772".
In F-VF; Brettauer-1936, but not listed with this metal (brass) in Brettauer or Kirschner 24-XII/XIII. Includes original Robert Ball paper holder with sale notation.
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Item Code: 0130290 Price: €85
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Germany: Joseph and His Brothers inflationary Jeton ("Josefs-Jeton" - "Joseph und Seine Bruder" Rechenpfennig), 1772; struck in white metal (tin?); by Johann Christian Reich (Germany, Brandenburg): size: 30.5mm, weight: 6.1g.
Obverse: Joseph (without corn-sack) and his brothers (kneeling before him) surmounted by German legend "DIE THEURUNG IM LAND. MACHT IOSEPH BEKANT." (loosely translated as "The Famine in the Land Makes Joseph"), and below on 2 (possibly 3) lines: "IOH:CH:REICH.FEC / DANTES" - there may also be "1772" underneath as per cited sources below though not easily visible on this piece.
Reverse: medal rotation strike; thin planchet; 12-lined legend starting with "1771" and ending with "Grose Noth" and a bar/line underneath.
In VF-EF: crudely struck and slightly off-center but exhibits surprisingly good detail and shows luster; weight and appearance suggests white metal but cited sources attribute to this a tin planchet; Brettauer-1935; P.u.R-155; Kirschner-XII.
More pictures: obverse of jeton, reverse of jeton
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Item Code: 0130328 Price: €175
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Germany: Joseph and His Brothers inflationary Jeton ("Josefs-Jeton" - "Joseph und Seine Bruder" teuerungsjeton), 1772; struck in brass; by Johann Christian Reich (Germany, Brandenburg): size: 29.25mm, weight: 6.25g.
Obverse: depicts Joseph (with right hand over sack of corn) and his brothers (kneeling before him) surmounted by German legend "LIEB DIE BRŰDER GOTT GIBTS WIEDER" (loosely translated as "The Brother Loves the G-d Who Gives Again"). Below Joseph's hand is "RE KOR" and between the colonades "GOTT SEGNE EUCH" ("G-d Bless You"); below the image on two lines is "DANTES. 1772".
Reverse: medallic alignment; 12 lines of text starting with "1771." and listing the cost of various food items; text ends with "Furth".
In VF but has a gash on the lower obverse; Brettauer-1932; P.u.R.-152; Kirschner-XIII.
More pictures: obverse of jeton, reverse of jeton
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Item Code: 0130289 Price: €85
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Germany: Joseph and His Brothers inflationary Jeton ("Josefs-Jeton" - "Joseph und Seine Bruder" teuerungsjeton), 1771-1772; struck in silvered brass; by Johann Christian Reich (Germany, Brandenburg): size: 29mm, weight: 5g.
Obverse: Joseph (with right hand over sack of corn) and his brothers (kneeling before him) surmounted by German legend "LIEB DIE BRÜDER GOTT GIBTS WIEDER" ("The Brother Loves the G-d Who Gives Again"); below Joseph's hand is "RE KOR" and between the colonades "GOTT SEGNE EUCH" ("G-d Bless You"); below the image on two lines is "DANTES. 1772".
Reverse: coin alignment; thin planchet; 15 lines of text, starting with "1771." and listing various food product costs; text send with "FÜRTH."..
In VF+; Brettauer-1930.
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Item Code: 0130324 Price: €135
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Germany: Joseph and His Brothers inflationary Jeton ("Josefs-Jeton" - "Joseph und Seine Bruder" teuerungsjeton), 1772; struck in copper; by Johann Christian Reich (Germany, Brandenburg): size: 29mm, weight: 6.8g.
Obverse: depicts Joseph (with right hand over sack of corn) and his brothers (kneeling before him) surmounted by German legend "LIEB DIE BRÜDER GOTT GIBTS WIEDER" (loosely translated as "The Brother Loves the G-d Who Gives Again"); below Joseph's hand is "RE KOR" and between the colonades "GOTT SEGNE EUCH" ("G-d Bless You"); below the image on two lines is "DANTES. 1772".
Reverse: medal alignment; thick planchet; 10-lined legend, starting with "1771.", listing various food product costs, and ending "FÜRTH.".
In VF-EF, with a tiny oxidation speck on obverse; weak edge details on reverse seem due to weak strike; Brettauer-1933.
More pictures: obverse of jeton, reverse of jeton
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Item Code: 0130325 Price: €175
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Germany: Joseph and His Brothers inflationary Jeton ("Josefs-Jeton" - "Joseph und Seine Bruder" teuerungsjeton), 1772; struck in brass; by Johann Christian Reich (Germany, Brandenburg): size: 29mm, weight: 5.05g.
Obverse: Joseph (with right hand over sack of corn) and his brothers (kneeling before him) surmounted by German legend "LIEB DIE BRÜDER GOTT GIBTS WIEDER" (loosely translated as "The Brother Loves the G-d Who Gives Again"); below Joseph's hand is "RE KOR" and between the colonades "GOTT SEGNE EUCH" ("G-d Bless You"); below the image on two lines is "DANTES. 1772".
Reverse: medal alignment; thin planchet; 14 lined legend, starting with "ANO:1771.", and ending with "FÜRTH".
In VF; Brettauer-1931; P.u.R-153.
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Item Code: 0130327 Price: €100
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OTHER ANTI-SEMITIC & SATIRICAL MEDALS of the RENAISSANCE & 18TH CENTURY ERA:
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France: Louis XV; "Chambre aux deniers" jeton, 1737; struck in silver; by Du Vivier; weight: 6.8g; size: 28.5mm.
Obverse: depicts a Rabbi figure kneeling before a flaming altar, with latin legend above "DIVIS MINISTRAT MUNERA DIVUM" ("It is to these G-ds of G-ds") and "CHAMB. AUX DEN. ("Chambre aux Deniers" - Room of Monies) | 1737" in exergue.
Reverse: right facing bust of Louis XV and legend "LUD. XV. REX | CHRISTIANISS."
In VF; Feuardent-2494. Very few French jetons contain any references to Jews. At age 13, in 1723, Louis XV agreed to recognize the presence of Jews in France and confirm their rights to remain there, but in 1731 he forbade Jews throughout France to conduct business in localities where they were not permitted to live.
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Item Code: 0130588 Price: SOLD
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Germany: Federjudenmedaille "Feather Jew" medal (ND), circa. 1670-1710; struck in pewter; by Christian Wermuth; size: 41.5mm, weight: 21.95g.
Obverse: depicts hunched-over Jew with feathers in his hat and sack on back bearing the words "VITIA PROPRIA" ("His Own Faults") and two-lined surrounding legend in German "ICH TRAGE DIE FEDERN DAS JEDERMANN SCHAUT" and "EIN ANDER TRAGET SIE DER ES NICHT TRAUT" (loosely translated as "I wear the feathers which everyone can see, another wears them as a decoy"); beneath the figure, the legend in German and Latin, on two lines: "IE DU FEDER IUDE" ("Hey You Feather Jew") and "NOSCE TE IPSUM" ("Know Thyself").
Reverse: 9 lines of text in German and Latin in a rhyming stanza.
In F-VF; Kirschner Nr. 11, Fieweger-77, JM-10 & 111 (last item referenced on page).
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Item Code: 0130297 Price: €500
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Germany: Federjudenmedaille "Feather Jew" oval medal (ND), circa. 1650; struck in silver; possibly by Christian Wermuth or Johann Reteke; size: 42 x 46mm, weight: 27.45g.
Obverse: depicts a hunched over Jew facing left with a feathered cap holding a bag with Latin legend "vitia aliena" ("alien way of life"), and with a moneybag on his back with the Latin legend "vitia propria" ("his own faults").
Reverse: image of winged Cupid on lion holding a bridle in his left hand, with Latin legend underneath "Amor Vincit Omnia" ("Love conquers all"). Medal's edge is beeded on both sides.
Kirschner and Friedenberg interpret the medal's symbolism to mean, on the one hand (ref: obverse; Matthew 7) that the Jew is a Pharisee, and as he judges others, so shall he be judged; and on the other (ref: reverse; Tale of Cupid/Amor and Psyche), that even Jews can be conquered by love.
In VF although with many surficial surface scratches on obv. and rev. - probably by a bored individual; upper part of frame appears weakly struck; possible tallion loop removed from top of rim; Kirschner Nr. 13 (non variante); JM-11/12 and 112 (bottom listing); Brettauer-4765 & plate 23; Feill-4469.
More pictures: obverse of medal, reverse of medal
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Item Code: 0130304 Price: €500
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Germany: "Cuckold Medal" ("Hahnrei medaille") of the "Feather Jew" motif (ND), circa. 1700; struck in pewter; by Christian Wermuth (Germany, Gotha); size: 39.5mm, weight: 8.2g.
Obverse: a two-antlered Jew riding a large cock, with four smaller roosters in the background; German legend around rim reads "WER KEINER IST DER KAN NOCH EINER WERDEN" ("'Where no one can become someone").
Reverse: ornately decorated open chest with pair of antlers; double-lined German legend around edge reads: "DIE LADE FVHRT DIE GROSTE ZVNFFT AVF ERDEN" and below in smaller letters "VM MANCHEN IST ES EWIG SCHADE" ("'The clouds drove the guild off the ground, To some it is eternal pity"; German legend on box reads"DAS ER KOMT/ IN DIE/ HAHNREY-/ LADE".
Not documented in most works, it most closely resembles the anti-Semitic/satiric "feather Jew" medals which played on the alleged sexual-financial prowess of Jews during times of famine. In VF on a thin planchet; with a few rim dents (the one at top may be signs of removal of a tallion); similar to Feill-3431 (see item 0130311).
More pictures: obverse of medal, reverse of medal
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Item Code: 0130308 Price: €350
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Germany: "Cuckold Medal" ("Hahnrei medaille") of the "Feather Jew" motif (ND), circa. 1700; cast in white metal (silver?); by Christian Wermuth (Germany, Gotha); size: 31mm, weight: 10.3g.
Obverse: depicts a two-antlered Jew riding a large cock, with five smaller roosters in the background; German legend (party split in places because of the image) around rim reads "WER KEINER I ST DER KAN NOCH EINER / WER DEN" ("'Where no one can become someone").
Reverse: depicts decorated open chest on tiled floor or carpet with pair of antlers from behind; double-lined German legend with separating border lines around edge reads: "DIE LADE FVHRT DIE GRÖSTE ZVNFFT AVF ERDEN" and below in slightly smaller letters "VM MANCHEN IST ES EWIG SCHADE" ("'The clouds drove the guild off the ground, To some it is eternal pity"; German legend on box reads on 4 lines "DAS ER KÖMT / IN DIE / HAHNREY / LADE".
Not documented in any research works, it most closely resembles the anti-Semitic/satiric "feather Jew" medals which played on the alleged sexual-financial prowess of Jews during times of famine.
In EF-AU with traces of luster; fuzzy detail in places may be due more to weak casting rather than actual wear; Fieweger-133 and Feill-3431 (for a similar but undocumented, and larger item without accents above the letters, see 0130308).
More pictures: obverse of medal, reverse of medal
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Item Code: 0130311 Price: €600
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Austria (Hapsburg Empire): 1686 'Jews and Turks Budapest' medal ("Türkenkrieg medaille"), 1686; struck in copper; by Martin Brunner of Nuremburg (not artist marked); size: 41.5mm, weight: 28.85g.
Obverse: depicts a Turkish and a Jewish character around a furnace melting metal, with the Turk holding tongs and the Jew holding bellows, while ingots appear at the bottom of the furnace; surrounding legend in German reads "WER DISTILLIRT NUN GELD ZUM FRIED*WEIL TURCK UND IUD DES KRIEGES MUD*" ("Who mints money for peace now that the Turk and Jew are tired of war").
Reverse: 11-line legend in German including the date at bottom "*1686*" ("OFEN belongs to LEOPOLD. Luck has been against Mohammed. He loses the city of Ofen with all its gold, which was destined to be used for the purchase of peace."). Medal has double-lined edge, whose outer frame is very thin and higher than rest of medal; along rim, raised legend of 10 words in German, "DURCH DIESEN STREICH * DAS TURKEN REICH * STEHT AUF DER NEIG" ("By this battle the Turkish Empire nears its end").
This is the only Austrian anti-Semitic medal from the period of the Renaissance until the era of Napoleon; it was issued in 1686 to coincide with the Hapsburg Empire's victory over the Ottoman Turks in the battle for Budapest (known in those days as "Ofen").
The Jews, who found refuge among the Muslim Ottoman Empire sided naturally with the Turks in defence of Budapest, and when the city fell, the victors commemorated the event - among other ways - by mocking the vanquished. They expressed their scorn in this medal by suggesting that the Jews and Turks had profited from the war, and also by mocking the supposed failure of the vanquished to bribe their attackers and thereby buy piece (a method used frequently in those times).
After Leopold I's conquest of the city, the Jews were driven out and not permitted to return for another century; the Ottoman Empire, having sustained a series of important military defeats retreated from mainland Europe by the end of the century.
In VF-EF: overall in good condition though a few dents and nicks along the rim; Kirschner 31, JM-18 and 108/109 (probably item listed on 109).
More pictures: obverse of medal, reverse of medal, detail of rim lettering
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Item Code: 0130306 Price: €700
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Germany: Pietism / "Camel-Swallower" medal ("Kamelschlucker-medaille"), 1687; struck in lead; by Christian Wermuth (Germany, Leipzig); size: 41mm, weight: 36.1g.
Obverse: depicts "Negro" dwarf swallowing a camel while reaching for gnats that swarm over a pot of flowers standing on a table nearby, with German legend "Műcken Säuger und Kameel=Schlucker" ("Catcher of Gnats and Camel Swallower" a reference from the New Testament: Matthew 24 "Ye blind guides, which strain at a gnat, and swallow a camel"), and date "1687" underneath.
Reverse: depicts Jew in 'Talit' (Jewish prayer shawl) with semi-circular legend in German "Der wieder auss=gestandene Phariseer" ("The Pharisee Risen from Death"), and underneath the image, "MATTH. XXIII" (a reference to New Testament, Matthew 23: "Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites!").
This medal has some official status as it is normally marked "CFP" ("Cum Friderici Privilegio" - "With Frederick's Permission", that being Frederick II of Saxony and Thuringia) on the rim, although this piece is not; this piece is also in lead (given its heavy weight), which is unlisted in the works cited below (listed there only in silver) and so may even be a trial piece.
The medal seems to draw a connection between Moslems (ref: camels) and native Africans, and then with Jews; Friedenberg suggests, the medal singles them out as targets of the Church (for conversion).
It may also be that Wermuth is mocking the events of recent history in his time: the Moslem Ottoman Empire was favorably disposed towards the Jews, particularly since the Spanish Inquisition of 1492 in which both Muslims and Jews were expelled from Spain; in 1683, four years prior to this medal's striking the then mighty Ottoman Empire lost a key military campaign at the Battle of Vienna to combined Holy Roman Empire, Hapsburg, German and Polish forces, which eventually led to its withdrawal from most of Europe.
In VF, with some toning and several light nicks to the edge and surface (one small dent to the bottom legend on reverse); Kirschner Nr. 4 (variant A); JM-12 and 109; Feill #3928 (p.186 & photos XIII). For a related anti-Semitic medal associated with the Ottoman war, see 0130306.
More pictures: obverse of medal, reverse of medal
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Item Code: 0130298 Price: €600
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Germany: "Shabtai Tzvi" medal, 1696; struck in bronze; by Christian Wermuth (Germany, Gotha); size: 43mm, weight: 32.9g.
Obverse: depicts sea bounded mountain (island?) filled with snakes, dragons and other "beasts", a metalsmith at right with his furnace, and images of many lightning strikes from the sky. The legend in Latin above reads "STATVS ECCLESIAE PRAESENTIS FLORENTISSIMVS" and in the lines below "DIES LABORIS. IIIIII PRIORA TEMPORA DAN.11.40."; the mountain top reads "MONTES ESAV" and below bears the names of various Bible verses "ZACH IV .V.7." and "OBAD V .15.16."; at base legend reads "CARDU' ET SPINIS FLORET / PALLURUS AGUTIS. / 1696.".
Raised legend on rim changes upside down midway around the medal: "TEMPVS PRAESENS ESAV / FVTVRVM IACOB | 4.ESDR.VI.V.9".
Reverse: depicts a lamb standing on a mountaintop holding a banner, with a dove flying overhead with olive branch in beak, rays of light from "sun" above and herds of sheep around the mountain base below; legend in Latin above reads "SABBATISMVS POPVLO DEI RELICTVS . HEBR.IV.9 / SABBATVM"; the "sun" bears the digit "7" and the rounded text below reads "MELIORA TEMPORA / DAN II.44.C.VII.27."; legend on the mountain reads "MONS ZION / APOC.14. / OBAD.V.17.& 21. / 144000."; text below image reads "ASPICE VENTURO LAETEN / TURUT OMIA SECLO. / 1000." (with "bar" line over the "MI" in "Omia" and a dot above the "1").
This medal was struck on the 20th anniversary of the death of the false Messiah, Shabtai Tzvi (1626-1676). Tzvi was a Turkish-born Jew who studies Jewish mysticism but also exhibited signs of insanity and was led to believe by Natan the Azati (of Gaza) that he was the Messiah.
He travelled Europe and gained a wide following, but was subsequently arrested by the Ottoman authorities and for his activities given the choice of death or conversion to Islam. He converted to Islam along with many of his followers, and for being revealed as a false Messiah his name became one of disdain in the Jewish world.
One possible reason for this medal's creation (given Wermuth's other related works) may have to do with the Ottoman Empire's decline at the hands of Christian Europe at this time, and with his references to passages in the Old and New Testament on this medal, Wermuth may have interpreted religious meanings for the Ottoman decline.
In EF-AU; Kirschner Nr. 32; Feille #3429 and plate XI; JM-77/78 and 139.
More pictures: obverse of medal, reverse of medal, detail of rim lettering
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Item Code: 0130309 Price: €2000
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Germany: anti-Semitic "Useless Baptism" medal ("taufmedaille"), ND, circa. 1700; struck in bronze (silvered); by Christian Wermuth (Germany); size: 43.25mm, weight: 36.5g.
Obverse: depicts Priest with prayer book standing behind a kneeling Jew with millstone around his neck, and execution behind ready to push him into the water; legend in German reads "SO BLEIBT ER AM BESTAENDIGSTEN" ("So he will stay forever").
Reverse: 14-line legend in German ending with 3 blossom-flower marks, translated roughly as "A Jew rarely becomes a Christian until unless he has done something wrong. He does it only for the money, to avoid serious punishment, for if he would steal he would be punished too hard". The medal's rim is also inscribed in German (engraved lettering; 14 words), "When the mouse eats the cat, then a Jew becomes a true Christian".
Edges are milled on both sides; thin seamline visible on rim; no signs of any previous tallion loop or its removal (some of these medals were fashioned for wear as tallions).
It's a cultural German custom to give Baptism medals to celebrate newborn children (similar in purpose to Jewish "Pidyon HaBen" silver medals); this version by Wermuth uses the token to mock supposed false baptisms of Jews and is also known as the "Mockery Medal".
In EF+, with most of the silvering finish still visible and only very light wear on highest points; imperfections on the edge are from the strike and not physical nicks; Kirchner 2; JM-13/14 and 113; Fieweger-76.
More pictures: obverse of medal, reverse of medal, detail of rim etchings
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Item Code: 0130305 Price: €700
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Germany: Jud Süss in Birdhouse ("Vogelhaus") screw-medal ("schraubmedaille") with 19 pictures of his life and death inside, circa. after 1738; Wurttemberg, Germany; pewter?; medallist/artist unknown and unmarked; size: 41.75mm, weight: 19.65g.
Obverse: depicts bust of Joseph Suskind Oppenheimer facing left, with German legend around "IUD.IOSEPH.SÜS 1 7 3 8 OPPENHEIMER" and double-ringed edge.
Reverse: depicts hanging birdcage suspended by gallows and birds flying around, with double-lined legend in German on either side, ".AUS.DIESEM.VOGEL.HAUS-SCHAUGT.SÜS.DER.SCHELM.HERAUS.". Plain rim; medal rotation.
The medal can be unscrewed and inside are 19 illustrated pictures of Oppenheimer's life and death: these are not the originals and appear to be cut out from Kirschner's book (originals were handpainted on parchment or made on copper plates - JM-116).
Joseph Suskind Oppenheimer (1698-1738), "the Jew Suess", was a Jewish banker, financial planner and finance minister for Duke Karl Alexander of Wurtemberg, who, in the course of his career incurred many enemies through envy as well as from his own personal economic achievements. When Karl Alexander died in 1737, Oppenheimer was accused by his detractors of many charges, imprisoned and hanged. His body we subsequently thrown into a bird cage where it hung for six years.
The public joy at his bringing to "justice" was so great that several medals were struck to commemorate the event, and some, including the screw medal continued to be made into the 19th Century (ref: JM-116).
In VF-EF (lack of detail due more to type of manufacture rather than to actual wear, but there is a hole in the thin metal on Oppenheimer's collar); JM-19-21; Kirschner-17 (which is based on Kirschner-15), Fieweger-391.
More pictures: obverse of medal, reverse of medal, obverse and reverse side by side, insides of obverse and reverse, side by side, the 19 illustrated pictures (contained inside)
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Item Code: 0130330 Price: €450
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Germany: Jud Süss in Birdhouse ("Vogelhaus") medal, 1738; Wurttemberg, Germany; white metal/pewter; medallist/artist unknown and unmarked; size: 38mm, weight: 18.25g.
Obverse: depicts bust of Joseph Suskind Oppenheimer facing left, with German legend around "IUD.IOSEPH.SÜS 1 7 3 8 OPPENHEIMER" and double-ringed edge.
Reverse: depicts hanging birdcage suspended by gallows and birds flying around, with double-lined legend in German on either side, ".AUS.DIESEM.VOGEL.HAUS-SCHAUGT.SÜS.DER.SCHELM.HERAUS.". Plain rim; medal rotation.
Joseph Suskind Oppenheimer (1698-1738), "the Jew Suess", was a Jewish banker, financial planner and finance minister for Duke Karl Alexander of Wurtemberg, who, in the course of his career incurred many enemies through envy as well as from his own personal economic achievements. When Karl Alexander died in 1737, Oppenheimer was accused by his detractors of many charges, imprisoned and hanged. His body we subsequently thrown into a bird cage where it hung for six years.
The public joy at his bringing to "justice" was so great that several medals were struck to commemorate the event, and some, including the screw medal continued to be made into the 19th Century (ref: JM-116). In EF-AU, exhibiting excellent detail and luster; Fieweger-392; Kirschner-15; JM-115.
More pictures: obverse of medal, reverse of medal
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Item Code: 0130331 Price: €800
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Netherlands: Renaissance anti-Semitic jeton, 1576; struck in bronze; no artist/maker's mark; size: 27mm, weight: 4.3g.
Obverse and reverse (90 degree die rotation) depict a bearded head with oversized (i.e. "Jewish") nose; obverse legend in Dutch reads "DEN.GVLDEN.VAN.NAZARIVS"; reverse legend reads "LEVF.HEBBER.DER.NVESEN.1576.".
A loose translation of the legend would be "A Guilden of Nazarius - Representative of the Nose"; the reference to Nazarius may be to one of several historic Catholic figures (Holland is a Catholic country) though nothing in their biography ties directly to a surficial examination of this jeton: the 4th Century martyr Nazarius, the 7th Century Saint Nazarius, the contemporary Italian Dominican theologian John Paul Nazarius (1556-1645) and the 4th Century Latin rhetoretician Nazarius.
In F-VF; Fieweger 725 (variant). Scarce: very few anti-Semitic tokens or jetons are known from Holland.
More pictures: obverse of token, reverse of token
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Item Code: 0130312 Price: SOLD
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19TH and 20TH CENTURY SATIRICAL & ANTI-SEMITIC TOKENS of POLITICAL or RELIGIOUS ORIGIN:
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Germany: Deggendorf Church Host Desecration ([vermeintliche] hostienschändung) 500th Anniversary medal, 1837 (Germany); pewter; medallist signed (but name not discernable); size: 43.5mm, weight: 18.4g.
Obverse: bears German legend at center with oakleaf wreath around edge: "ZUR / ERINNERUNG / DES 500 JÅHRIGEN / JUBILAEUM / IN DER HEIL GRAB / KIRCHE / DEGGENDORF / 1837" (date and oakleaf branch knot are a little off-center).
Reverse: candelabric image of Church altar and other devices, with medallist's name written in cursive below the candelabra, and with German legend around, "GRAB CHRISTI DEGGENDORF FILIAL KIRCHE HEIL *".
Medal alignment with high rims on both sides; protruding seam line (of separate dies used) visible around rim; signs of possible removal of tallion - but not detracting to the token's condition.
Regarding the origins of this token's commemoration, Deggendorf was a community plagued with poverty and social unrest when in 1338 when local Christians, under the leadership of the Diocese Bishop, Nicholas of Ybbs, set fire to the houses of the Jewish quarter and slaughtered the inhabitants.
Upon hearing of the event, Duke Henry in Landshut, praised the act, absolved the citizens of any guilt and awarded the participating individuals the belongings of the Jews they had killed (as a result, the killing spread to 21 other places in Bavaria).
The now enriched community, in 1360, consecrated a new and large Church on the site of the destroyed Synagogue, and in 1361 there began a tradition called the "Deggendorf Gnade", an event which became a mass pilgramage to mark the supposed Jewish desecration of the Host, which had brought about the slaughter of 1338 - a fabricated event used in time to justify the slaughter.
This event alleged that in 1337 Jewish guests of a Christian host had attacked their host with awls and rose branches, stolen a Blessed Sacrament which they first tried to destroy unsuccessfully in a furnace, and then placed in a bag of poison and sunk into the local well (which caused the subsequent death of several townsfolk); the Hosts were retrieved from the well, placed in a chalice in the church, and in the ensuing anger, the Jewish community was slaughtered - all according to the legend. Pilgramages to Deggendorf "Grave Church" ("The Grave of the Holy Church of St. Peter and St. Paul") continued until the ritual was abolished in 1992; the 1843 pilgramage was the largest.
In EF with a few light nicks and surface scratches; much original luster and nice patina; trained eyes may be able to discern the medallist's name which appears to begin with "A"; Kirschner-3.
More pictures: obverse of medal, reverse of medal
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Item Code: 0130342 Price: €700
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Belgium: Enghien 450th Anniversary Host Desecration/Blood Libel medal ("Hostienschändung"), 1820; no artist mark; struck in brass; size: 32mm, weight: 14.25g.
Obverse: depicts coat of arms of the Saint Sacrement Church and legend around edge, "SAINT SACREMENT DE MIRACLE BRUXELLES".
Reverse: is plain with 5-lined legend and 'asterisk' device below: "JUBILÉ ET FÊTE COMMUNALE DE BRUXELLES AN 1820. *"
The Host desecration commemorated by this medal took place in 1370, about 21 years after the Jews of Brussels were blamed and persecuted for the black death plague: a wealthy and philanthropic banker in Enghien was murdered in his home and his killers spread a rumor that Jews had stolen consecrated wafers from a Church in order to pierce them with poniards.
Angry mobs burned hundreds of Jews in Brussels (May 22, 1370) and thereafter Jews were banished from Belgium altogether. The event was known locally as the miracle of St. Gudule and was commemorated by an annual festival. This event was celebrated annually and its 450th commemoration in 1820 was especially great: the festival lasted eight days, during which sixteen hosts studded with diamonds were borne in solemn procession through the streets.
Although Kirschner attributes its end to a Jewish mayor in 1870 (probably a reference to Jules Anspach, who was Calvanist and whose grandfather, Isaac Solomon Anspach, was a pastor), in any case fifty years later (1870), while a committee and the clergy of Brussels were making preparations to again mark the festival a series of publications exposing inaccuracies and falsifications in the sources upon which the blood libel took place caused the Pope, Pius IX, to stop the commemoration of these festivals (and in that same year a "philo-Semitic" medal rendering an account of the unjust persecution of the Jews in 1370 was minted).
Thick planchet, plain rim. In EF-AU (would be AU-UNC if not for minor wear on 2nd crown's base on obverse - otherwise no real visible wear at all), with signs of die-crack along base of obverse legend and some excess from filled die(?) on corner of base just below cross on obverse; Kirschner part C, Nr. V (variant), pg. 31 and Revue Numismatique IV variant of #74 pg. 102; JM-20.
More pictures: obverse of medal, reverse of medal
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Item Code: 0130343 Price: €350
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Germany: Adolf Stocker anti-Semitic political jeton, Reichstag elections 1880-1881; struck in bronze; no maker/artist mark; size: 24mm, weight: 4.55g.
Obverse: legend reads "Hoch Stöcker, Forster, Henrici. Vivant Sequentes" and reverse depicts the coat of arms of Berlin and the exclamation "Hep! Hep".
Adolf Stoecker (1835-1909) was a court chaplain to the Kaiser and staunch protestant who promoted an ideology of "cultural-Protestantism" which saw capitalism and industrialization as bringing about the accumulation of weath into a small group of hands, causing social inequality, upsetting the social order and threatening the Protestant religious underpinnings of the social order.
He gradually began to blame Jewish capitalists for these woes and in time this "Jewish Conspiracy" became his main ideological tenet. He founded the "Christian Social Party" in 1878 to promote his ideology and aligned himself with other prominent political-anti-Semites of the time, Carl Ernst Henrici (1854-1915), of the anti-Semitic "Sociale Reichsverein", and Bernhard Forster (1843-1889), leader of the "Deutscher Volksverein" (German People's League) in 1881.
Although Stoecker managed to get elected to the Reichstag in the 1881 elections, the conglomeration of anti-Semitic forces actually failed in the overall political process of that time, partially because of public opinion in response to the virulent anti-Semitic attacks on Jews in Russia and the revival of the "Blood Libel" in Hungary, and also because of the relatively good relations between the emancipated Jews of Germany and the German imperial Court.
The obverse legend on this token, "Hep! Hep!" is a reference to to the Latin cry "Hierosolyma est perdita" ("Jerusalem is lost"), a rallying cry of the Crusaders. The token expresses the cry because it was used lately, in 1819, during a riot against Jews in Wurzburg: students joined by mobs attacked Jews and Jewish businesses; the attacks spread elsewhere in Bavaria and also to Frankfurt and Hamburg. In UNC with luster; Kirschner #36 and Fieweger-90.
More pictures: obverse of token, reverse of token
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Item Code: 0130283 Price: €350
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Germany: German anti-Semitic political jeton, Reichstag elections, 1881 (may be attributable to Adolf Stöcker); struck in silvered copper (based on few specs of green surface oxidation); no maker/artist mark; size: 24mm, weight: 4.95g.
Obverse: 5-lined legend with ornamental surroundings reads "MUTH / ZEIGET / AUCH DER / MAMELUK / BERLIN 1881". Beeded edge, plain rim.
Reverse: similar ornamental frame with 5-lined legend in German, "DIE / CHUZBE / *IST DES* / JUDEN / SCHMUCK".
Very similar in size, design and anti-Semitic/Biblical sloganeering as other political tallions made for Adolf Stoecker's (1835-1909) election campaign to the Reichstag in 1880-1881.
In AU with a few light oxidation specs on the surface; Kirschner Nr. 38, pg. 75 and Fieweger-93.
More pictures: obverse of token, reverse of token
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Item Code: 0130344 Price: €350
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Germany: Anti-Semitic German conservative movement tallion ("Ahlwardt und Pückler"), 1892; struck in silvered brass; by H.Z. (Hans Zeissig?); size: 36mm, weight: 15g.
Obverse: depicts medieval styled image of armored knight fighting winged dragon with mountain and cave in background, and German legend in old script above "Der ernste kampf gilt Judas Macht" ("The serious battle is Judas is making").
Reverse: an image of a solid blooming tree with Church and 'blazing' Cross in background, with German legend in old script above "Gedenke dass du ein Deutscher bist" ("Remember that you are a German" - with the less formal "Du"), and date in exergue and medallist's initals just below tree.
Kirschner (p.76) attributes this medal to two contemporary German anti-Semitic politicians of the time, Hermann Ahlwardt and Graf Walter von Puckler-Muskau, and describes the "two knights" and representing them - although there is only 1 knight in the design.
Ahlwardt (1846-1914) was a Berlin school teacher and rector who fought in the Franco-Prussian war (1870) and entered financial difficulties which included accusations of embezzlement against him; several Jewish friends and lawyers assisted him in extricating himself from the problems and during the 1880's he presented himself as philo-Judaic.
However political opportunity beyond the Conservative party brought him to the anti-Semitic establishment where he began propagating a vicious brand of anti-Semitism which included sensational claims in 1892 that the Ludwig Loewe gun factory was supplying the military with faulty rifles as part of a Judeo-French conspiracy.
He associated himself with several leading German anti-Semites of the time, like Otto Böckel, gained a loyal following in conservative state like Brandenburg and Pomerania where he became known as the "Rector of all Germans", and succeeded in being elected to the Reichstag in 1892 and 1893, until he was dispossed by his party in 1895 largely on account of his very extreme and [mentally] unstable brand of anti-Semitism.
Walter von Pückler (born 1860) is a more obscure figure in the German anti-Semitic movement and appears to have gained notoriety only around 1899 on account of his vicious vocal cries to "beat the Jews," "crack their skulls," "kick them out," "thrash them," and more. He claimed to be the successor of Adolf Stöcker and Ahlwardt, but was subsequently found to be mentally unsound, in 1905.
In the literature of German anti-Semitic medals and tallions, Stocker and Ahlwardt's movements are the most prominent, and Ahlwardt's activities dovetail with the date of this specific tallion making it most probably associated with his election campaign in 1892.
The medallist himself, "H.Z.", may be Hans Zeissig of Leipzig, mentioned in Forrer (vol. 6, pg. 725), who came to that author's attention in 1907 at the 'Berlin Kunst Austellung' of 1907, and whose works there included a piece called "Freiheit" ("Freedom"), and whose other medallic/tallion works include sports movement emblems.
In EF, with most of the silver finish intact, and much luster; edges on both sides are milled but medal alignment is a little off on obverse; Kirschner-41.
More pictures: obverse of token, reverse of token
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Item Code: 0130341 Price: SOLD
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Austrian(?) Judas Iscariot - Jesus medal (ND), circa. 1915; blackened bronze cast; no artist/maker mark; size: 61.75mm, weight: 73.45g.
Obverse: depicts image of "Jewish-looking" Judas character whispering to stern-looking Jesus figure, with legend "Judas Jscharioth".
Reverse: 4-lined legend in German with coat of arms below: "DEM ERZVERRÄTER AUS DEM HAUSE SAVOYEN" ("The Arch-Traitor from the House of Savoy").
In 1882, Italy joined Germany and Austro-Hungary in establishing a Triple Alliance between them, such that if Russia or France attacked any of them, the others would join in his defence; the agreement was renewed every five years.
When the First World War broke out in 1914, Italy, under domestic public pressure did not join the war on Germany and Austria-Hungary's side. Fearing being attacked by her former allies, Italy agreed to join the Allies in exchange for financial support from Britain, in 1915, and indeed attacked Austria-Hungary in May of that year.
Oddly, this medal attacks the Royal Italian household though it was the Italian government which decided to abstain and then later to enter the war. In AU, with very light surface wear at the highest points; Kirschner Nr. 42.
More pictures: obverse of medal, reverse of medal
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Item Code: 0130354 Price: €500
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Poland: anti-Semitic Polish Independence era "pricelist" medallion, 1918; struck in nickle-brass; no marker/artist mark; size: 28mm, weight: 8.4g.
Obverse: depicts 3 well-dressed and full-bodied figures wrapped by a belt (of which the middle figure and possibly the one on the right, appears Jewish) above two younger and haggard working-class looking male and female figures.
The rhyming legend in Polish reads "Hej ramię do ramienia" and "od ogłodzonej warszawy w hołdzie 1918." [roughly translated: "Hey shoulder to shoulder from chilled Warsaw above [we bring] a tribute"].
Reverse: depicts a barren tree-stump surrounded by a belt (which is wider than the emaciated tree) with bare branches spreading out, and between them are written various food and consumer items, like tea, bread and soap, and their prices (in "marka" currency - a style similar to Johann Christian Reich's "Kornjude - Preisliste" jetons of 1770-72).
The obverse legend may be a parody of the great Slavic Lithuanian/Polish (his nationality is sparred over by both nations) Romantic poet Adam Mickiewicz (1798-1855), whose poem "Ode to Youth" includes a stanza with the same line "Hey! Shoulder to shoulder..." (another contemporary use of this line comes from the Russian-Soviet Jewish composer Isaak Osipovich Dunayevsky, 1900-1955, in his piece "Song of Friendship" - but this was produced much after 1918).
If a reference to Mickiewicz, this may be a sort of cruel pun, as Mickiewicz promoted Jewish emancipation to the point where in 1855, on the outbreak of the Crimean War, he left his under-age children in Paris and went to Istanbul, Turkey to organize Polish forces to be used in the war against Russia, and with his friend Armand Levy, a Romanian Jew, he set about organizing a Jewish legion, the "Hussars of Israel", comprising Russian and Palestinian Jews, to liberate Palestine - and died from illness during the attempt.
In October-November 1918, the independent Polish republic gradually came into being against a backdrop of military conflict with several foreign armies. Contrary to what many general histories relate to the time, anti-Semitism in Poland was rife and violent, as described here for example by Menachem Begin (Israel's former prime minister): "There is one key incident which remains engraved in my memory, even after so many years - one which directly concerned my father, who was secretary of the Jewish community. He and the Rabbi had been walking together in the street. One of the basest acts to be committed against Jews at that time - by Polish soldiers and civilians alike - was the attempt to cut off their beards. And so it came to pass that a sergeant in the Polish army approached the Rabbi and began this despicable act. My father did not hesitate: he struck the soldier's hand with his stick! In those days, striking a Polish sergeant would have been the signal for a pogrom. They arrested both the Rabbi and my father, took them down to the river Bug... and threatened to throw them in. They beat them bloody. My father returned home in serious condition, but pleased, I must admit. He said it was a sacred act to defend the honor of the Jewish People and a Jewish Rabbi."
At this time, Warsaw was the seat of the Polish State in the making, and its leader, Marshal Jozef Pilsudski was favorably disposed to the Jews. At this time too, other parts of the future Polish State were held by foreign armies: Lvov by the Ukranians, north-west Poland by the Lithuanians and western Poland by the Soviet Red Army. As the tallion takes aim at Warsaw, it is possible that it originates with a region outside the fledgling Polish State, perhaps even "anti-Bourgeois" Polish Bolsheviks. In VF+ condition; some doubling on the text on obverse.
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Item Code: 0130286 Price: SOLD
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MEDALS of ANTI-SEMITIC PERSONALITIES or of ALLUSIONS to ANTI-SEMITIC CULTURAL REFERENCES:
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Austria: Dr. Carl Lueger, Mayor of Vienna 60th birthday medal by Rudolph Ferdinand Marschall (Austria); struck in bronze; size: 60mm, weight: 68.65g.
Obverse depicts right facing bust of Lueger with legend "BÜRGERMEISTER DR • CARL LUEGER" and "R•MARSCHALL FEC•" on two lines next to bust.
On reverse 11 line legend in German: "in grateful love to a great man by Christian Austria on his 60th Birthday".
Karl Lueger (1844-1910; interestingly his name is spelled with a "C" on the medal) was a highly praised mayor of Vienna, who helped improve its infrastructure but also known for his racist view against non-German minorities, including Jews (though credited also for his saying, "I decide who is a Jew", having had many Jewish friends).
The medalist, Marschall, was court medalist to the Austrian Emperor and his works also include Jewish figures, like the actor Josef Lewinsky (1898). In EF-AU.
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Item Code: 0130356 Price: €100
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France: Philippe Duc D'Orleans / anti-Dreyfus medal (France), 1900; struck in brass (silvered); designer unknown (unmarked); size: 30.5mm, weight: 8g.
Obverse bears left facing bust of Philippe VIII and general legend in French around; reverse, text in center and around edge (in capital letters): "Je replacerai mon pays au premier rang des nations avec le concours de tous les vrais Francais / Je ne vengerai que les injures faites a la patrie * Philippe *" ("I will put my country at the forefront of nations with the support of all true French / I do not avenge the insult to the country").
In VF+/EF (lack of detail probably due more to weak strike than to actual wear).
Philippe Duke of Orleans (1869-1926) was an English-born Orleanist claimant to the French throne as Philippe VIII from 1894-1926. An avid expeditioner, he saw in holding the title to the thrown a way of financing his hobby and veered towards the Royalist faction in France to secure his legitimacy to and position on the thrown.
The "Dreyfus Affair" which erupted the same year Philippe acended the thrown tainted the positions of conservative and liberal factions in France and saw the Royalists and Philippe, take an anti-Dreyfus and even anti-Semitic stance on the affair which lasted up to 1906 and even further on.
This medal was issued a few times in 1899 and 1900 both to legitimize Philippe's claim to the thrown as well as to echo his conservative credentials through references to the Dreyfus Affair ("support of all True Frenchmen / insult to the country").
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Item Code: 0130340 Price: €35
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France: "General Auguste Mercier Judge of the Traitor Dreyfus" medal, 1906; struck in bronze; designed by J.Baffier and minted by Janvier-Duval; weight: 54.15g; size: 50mm.
Obverse: depicts left facing bust of Mercier, with legend around rim and "Souscription Nationale" ("national fundraiser") below.
Reverse: within leafed frame, a 12-line excerpt of Mercier's refusal to accept the French Parliament's full exoneration (1906) of Captain Alfred Dreyfus. Plain rim with "bronze" and Janvier-Duval emblem stamped.
Mercier was the first public accuser of Dreyfus (1894), remained a resolute opponent of his, and became a symbol of the anti-Semitic right wing in France long after the trial. In AU, with a little surface dirt on obverse.
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Item Code: 0130605 Price: €275
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Germany: Bavarian medal commemorating Albrecht (Albert) III der Fromme, Duke of Bavaria-Munich, by Franz Andreas Schega (1711-1787); circa. 1766-70; silver, size: 39mm, weight: 29.15g: the medal's reverse bears a 9-line legend in Latin, highlighting Albrecht's (1438-1460) accomplishments, among them the expulsion of the Jews from Upper Bavaria (in 1445).
In UNC (very light wear to nose tip), with excellent shine and luster; a minute rim nick on right side rim (visible from obverse); Forrer, vol. 5, p. 377.
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Item Code: 0130025 Price: €400
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Germany: Bavarian medal commemorating Albrecht (Albert) III der Fromme, Duke of Bavaria-Munich, by Franz Andreas Schega (1711-1787); circa. 1766-70; copper; size: 39.5mm, weight: 34.1g.
Obverse depicts bust of Albertus in hat with Latin legend "ALBERTUS III. BOIOR.DUX.". On reverse, a 9-line legend in Latin, highlighting Albrecht's (1438-1460) accomplishments, among them the expulsion of the Jews from Upper Bavaria (in 1445). Thick planchet.
The 9th medal of Schega's 17-piece series of portrait medals of Bavarian rulers. In EF-AU: some light scratches in places, but excellent detail overall and signs of luster in places (Forrer, vol. 5, p. 377).
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Item Code: 0130332 Price: €275
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Germany: Friedrich Ludwig Jahn anti-Semitic tallion (ND), circa. 1870s-1880's; in cast iron; artist/maker unknown; size: 36x36mm, weight: 16.5g.
Obverse: depicts right facing bust of Jahn surmounted with legend in old German script "Wer Jahn ehrt * Des Juden wehrt" (loosely translated as "Where Jahn is honored, the Jews protect themselves").
Reverse: depicts "Turner Cross" ("Turnerkreuz") at center surrounded by oakleaves wrapped by three ribbons on either side, and with key military victory dates on the ribbon strips.
Jahn (1778-1852) was a Prussian gymnastics teacher and nationalist, known commonly as "Turnvater Jahn" (roughly meaning "father of gymnastics" Jahn), whose worldview was inspired by his military service against the Napoleonic armies (for which he later, in 1840, received the Iron Cross - a fact possibly echoed by this tallion's iron make and design): French victories over Prussia convinced Jahn that the development of physical prowess through gymnastics would restore his countrymen's pride, and he taught his students to see in their training a sort of membership in a guild for the emancipation of their fatherland.
Foreign domination over German lands also fanned an anti-foreigner/anti-Semitic outlook in Jahn's nationalism, and this attitude affected his emphasis on gymnastic preparedness. Around this time Jahn popularized the motto "Frisch, Fromm, Fröhlich, Frei" ("Hardy, Pious, Cheerful, Free") - the four "F's", which became symbolically incorporated around the time of the German Revolution of 1848 by the "Turner Cross", designed by Johann Heinrich Felsing (1800-1875).
The Cross then and since come to symbolize the German [nationalist] sports movement, and even commemorated widely in East German currency.
Although Jahn was considered in his time an outspoken anti-Semite, there is virtually no evidence that he inspired any future individuals or movements, including the National Socialists - who scarcely recalled his name. Though tallions commemorating Jahn existed in his time, this tallion is unsual for its anti-Semitic content which is not common on these tallions.
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Item Code: 0130336 Price: €85
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Great Britain: "Shylock" English Anti-Semitic medal, 1809; struck in white metal; no maker/medalist mark; size: 42mm, weight: 24.55g.
Obverse shows a devil-like bust with tall pointy ears and a sharp goatee; 2-lined legend in English around edge; inner legend reads: "This is the Jew, Which Shakespear Drew."; outer legend (on upper and lower halves of medal) reads, "Av'rice and Titled Lust, Alone we Blame." and "Yet Blush we Must for 'tis a Nations Shame."; below the bust the text "VP / No Private Boxes".
Reverse depicts abbreviations surmounted by leaves and English legend around edge; legend reads "The Dramas Laws, the Dramas Patrons Give. And he Who Lives to Please, Should Please to Live."; text in center reads "What D'ye / Want? OP OB & DPO".
This medal's origins are happenstance: the theater of Covent Garden closed and then re-opened in September 1809, but featured higher prices. Its manager and his family - among some of the theater's actors - were known to be receiving high salaries, and others of the theater's owners were from the aristocratic class; popular discontent with the prices lead to nightly disturbances on the scale of riots.
The manager turned to some of his friends, well known Jewish boxers, and gave them free admission in exchange for this muscular assistance, and this conflict with the riotors gained an anti-Semitic tone, with the Jews perceived as enemies of the working class.
This medal attacks the price rise and the Jews who presumeably protect it and demands "OP OB" - "old prices and open boxes", and "no private boxes". The initials "VP" on the obverse mean "Vox Populi" - "the voice of the public".
In VF: it exhibits lovely detail on the scale of EF-AU, and luster, and though there are some surface indentures on the reverse, there are corrosion marks in places due to the metal content and so the VF grade; JM-22/25 and 121.
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Item Code: 0130310 Price: €275
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Great Britain: Merchant of Venice medal (ND); struck in silver; by Nathan; size: 44.25mm, weight: 40.85g: obverse bears quotation from the play, [Portia to Shylock, before the court]: "Tarry a little... This bond doth give thee here no jot of blood", surrounded by flowers around the edge and at top the emblem of the Royal Shakespeare Company. On reverse, the scene from Act IV, Scene I of the play. Numbered 71 and part of a series issued by the RSC; in Proof state (frosted), with a few handling marks.
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Item Code: 0130338 Price: €70
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MEDALS by KARL GOETZ with SATIRICAL JEWISH or ANTI-SEMITIC OVERTONES:
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Germany: Kurt Eisner "Verlassen" ("Leave") satirical medal by Karl Goetz (ND), circa. 1918-1919; bronze; size: 58mm, weight: 67.6g.
Obverse: depicts a bourgeois looking and rotund Jewish-Socialist "Minister-President" of the Bavarian Republic, Kurt Eisner (1867-1919), and his wife, walking past the Bavarian coat of arms, with legend "VERLASSEN - 8.Nov.1918" ("Leave" and the date of Eisner's ascention to power - he had organized a revolution that overthrew the monarchy in Bavaria and declared her to be a free state and republic on that date).
Reverse: depicts three "old-guard" style knights shedding their uniforms, with the words "IN TREUE FEST" ("In True Loyalty") and running away from a Bolshevik-looking "mob" which bears a flag with "Revolution" on it; with legend around edge, "DES BAYERN-KÖNIGS LIEB GARDE" ("The Bavarian King's Lifeguards").
Relatively thick planchet, plain rim with stamp "K.GOETZ". In EF-AU; Kirschner Nr. 44, Kienast-266.
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Item Code: 0130350 Price: €235
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Germany: "Curt Eisner" Minister President satire medal by Karl Goetz (ND), circa. 1918-1919; bronze-copper cast; size: 57mm, weight: 59.2g.
Obverse: depicts bespectacled Eisner on lion trying to pull bag over its head, with legend beside him "CURT EISNER *I*" and around edge, "UND MINISTER PRÄSIDENT BIN ICH" ("And a Minister President am I") with "8.NOV.1918" in exergue.
Reverse: depicts image of angle of Death wearing feathered Bavarian hat and scales of Justice protruding through broken doors bearing "1180" and "Verfassung [Constitution] 1818" which lie on top fallen images of the deposed Monarchy, with legend around edge, "UMSTURZ IN BAYERN" ("Revolution in Bavaria").
Relatively thin planchet, plain rimmed without Goetz's name stamped - but his initials appear on each of the two columns on the reverse. In EF-AU: relatively poor detail on reverse due to casting; Kirschner Nr. 43, Kienast-214.
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Item Code: 0130351 Price: €150
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Germany: Gustav Landauer "Soviet/Conniving Republic" satire medal by Karl Goetz (ND), circa. 1919; bronze-copper cast; size: 58mm, weight: 55g.
Obverse: depicts three "shady" post-War characters - an unemployed type, a veteran, a huster-type (with a paper bearing the word "RESERVA"), with legend above "DIE RÄTE REPUBLIK" ("The Soviet Republic" - with "räte" written as a separate word as here, this may also be a play on words for "Republic of Devices"), and "BAIERN 7.-30.IV.1919" in exergue - note spelling of "Bavaria" with an "I".
Reverse: an image of Gustav Landauer (1870-1919; un-named) dancing and kissing hatted Lenin (his name appears on slip in his pocket), with Church spires at left and eastern Orthodox spires at right, with legend "LOS VOM REICH!" above and "ES LEBE DIE INTERNATIONAL" ("Long Live the 'International' [Socialist anthem]") along ribbon device below.
Relatively thin planchet, plain rim without Goetz's name stamped - his initials appear in exergue on reverse.
Kurt Eisner, who declared an independent Bavarian republic in November 1918 was murdered by a right-wing activist in February 1919, and the "Soviet Republic" which was subsequently declared in April of that year, in which Landauer, a pacifist Jew, served as "Commissioner of Enlightenment and Public Instruction", was swept away in May when right-wing militia forces took over Munich. Landauer, whose sole decree was to ban history lessons in Bavarian schools, was murdered by right-wing forces shortly after the taking of the city.
In AU, with some light traces of oxidation; the lettering of "Räte Republik" shows signs of doubling; Kirschner Nr. 45, Kienast-222.
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Item Code: 0130352 Price: €175
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Germany: Kurt Eisner / "Clean Out Bavaria" satirical election medal by Karl Goetz (ND), circa. 1920; cast bronze; size: 57.5mm, weight: 54.9g.
Obverse: depicts oversized Bavarian Lion chasing after the Jewish socialists Johannes Hoffman (with "HOFFMANN" on his hat), Kurt Eisner (not named but implied by his image) bearing flags with words "EISNER ZEIT" ("Eisner's Time") and "RÄTE TERROR" ("Soviet Terror"), and probably Gustav Landauer with glasses and hat on extreme left; with legend around edge, "KEHRAUS IM BAYER" ("Clean Out Bavaria") and "LANDTAG" in exergue.
Reverse: towering pillars bearing the emblems of the Bavarian Church and Monarchy, with rising sun behind and massive flock of sheep moving forward, with legend "BAYERN TREUE" ("Bavarian Loyalty") and date "6. JUNI 1920". Relatively thin planchet with plain rim; without Goetz's name imprinted on edge (his initials appear at the bottom on the reverse).
This medal commemorates the first general elections to the Reichstag on 6 June 1920, after a period of political upheaval in Bavaria in which socialist anti-monarchists and then extreme Bolshevik forces took power and were then swept out by a violent right-wing military reaction. The 1920 elections brought to power a conservative bourgeois government headed by Dr. Kahr. A bitterly sarcastic medal taking aim at both left and right. In UNC; Kirschner Nr. 46, Kienast-268.
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Item Code: 0130355 Price: €200
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Bismarck's Memoirs Volume III ("Gedanken und Erinnerungen") satirical medal by Karl Goetz, 1921; cast in bronze; weight: 72.55g; size: 59.5.
Obverse depicts enchained book labelled "Volume III" ("3. Band"), with clouds of smoke around and crown on ground, with legend "Bismarck's Vermaechtnis" at top of edge and continuation in exergue "Dem Deutschen Volke" (meaning, "Bismarck's legacy to the German people").
On reverse a Judge figure pushing the German "Michael" figure (embodiment of Germany) away from a thick copy of volume III, with Kaiser Wilhelm II crouched under the table, and legend "Nichts Fuer Euch Deutsche" ("Not for you Germans"); Goetz's initial in exergue. Plain rim.
Not a medal of anti-Semitic relation but placed here for now with other Goetz medals. The medal mocks the attempts to prevent publication of the 3rd volume of Bismarck's memoirs "Reflections and Reminiscences", which in this volume was highly critical of the Kaiser. Ironically, although the first two volumes were published to great acclaim during Bismarck's lifetime, his own family tried to prevent the publication of the 3rd volume. In AU-UNC; Kienast-278.
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Item Code: 0130607 Price: €175
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SATIRICAL or ANTI-SEMITIC MEDALS from the THIRD REICH & INFLATIONARY ERA (1920s-1945):
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Germany: Leipzig "Messonkel" medal, circa. 1929-1930 (ND); no artist marks; struck in silvered bronze; size: 40mm, weight: 27.05g.
Obverse depicts rotund well-dressed businessman-like figure with briefcase and sack (of money?) at railway station, with legend below "MESSONKELS ANKUNFT" ("mess uncle's arrival" - arrival of the live-in house helper).
Reverse depicts same figure being kissed by woman at departure platform of train station, with household pet dog at side, but now with open and empty briefcase, among well dressed but thinner couples around, and legend underneath "SÜSSER ABSCHIED" ("sweet parting"). Thick planchet, plain rim.
This medal is attributed to Leipzig and that city in particular is mentioned in reference to the employment of full-time domestic helpers known as "mess uncles", who would be housed at their employers. As this is a Great Depression-era piece it may be mocking the exploitation of wealthy men by impoverished women (and vice versa). Not an anti-Semitic medal, but listed here as its theme complements other pieces from the same era. In VF.
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Item Code: 0130345 Price: €75
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Germany: 1923 "Kornjude" style Naked Jew on Corn Bushel medal; struck in bronze; by [Friedrich Wilhelm] Fritz Hörnlein; size: 38mm, weight: 22.15g.
Obverse depicts fat Jew, naked, sitting on bushel of corn with the German legend "ob Jud ob Christ ein schuft der wucherer ist" ("Whether Jew, whether Christian, a scoundrel - a userer he is"); in light text at top appears "F.H. 1923" - the initials of the Dresden engraver Fritz Hörnlein (1873-1945).
On reverse, German legend within a double ringed edged, "in Bösen zeiten ist ohn zweifel ein mensch oft des andern teufel" ("in time of evil, without a doubt, a human is often the other devil").
A bitter medal of the postwar inflationary period, taking swipes at both Judaism and Christianity. In UNC, with toning and original luster; Kirschner 30.
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Item Code: 0130302 Price: €35
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Germany: 1923 "Kornjude" style Naked Jew on Corn Bushel medal; struck in aluminum; by [Friedrich Wilhelm] Fritz Hörnlein; size: 38mm, weight: 7.1g.
Obverse depicts fat Jew, naked, sitting on bushel of corn with the German legend "ob Jud ob Christ ein schuft der wucherer ist" ("Whether Jew, whether Christian, a scoundrel - a userer he is"); in light text at top appears "F.H. 1923" - the initials of the Dresden engraver Fritz Hörnlein (1873-1945).
On reverse, German legend within a double ringed edged, "in Bösen zeiten ist ohn zweifel ein mensch oft des andern teufel" ("in time of evil, without a doubt, a human is often the other devil"). In UNC, almost prooflike (a few handling marks), on a thick planchet; Kirschner 30.
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Item Code: 0130303 Price: €20
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Germany/Austria: anti-Semitic pin (ND), circa. late 1920's-early 1930's; aluminum; no maker/artist mark; size: 30mm, weight: 1.8g.
Round pressed metal pin depicting images of "good" and "evil": manly Germanic type ("Michael") with sword and shovel radiating rays of light, at left; wicked and wild looking figure with Star of David and Bolshevik-type hat, wielding whip and flames burning from behind; with legend in old German lettering: "Völkerfrieden oder Judendiktatur" ("International peace or Jewish dictatorship").
Probably pre-dates the Nazi regime as there are no such Party symbols on the pin: the images of "Germania" versus "Judeo-Bolshevism" date from the street-fighting period of armed militias in Germany.
These pins usually have a vertical pin back though this one has a fastened period styled safety-pin reverse: the original pin may have broken off and been thus replaced (note the small notch of metal missing at top of pin rim). Otherwise in EF-AU.
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Item Code: 0130348 Price: €100
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Germany: Nazi "Angriff" newspaper promotional token ("vertriebsplakette") for "A Nazi Travels to Palestine" (ND), circa. 1934; no artist marks - struck by die sinking firm of L.[Ludwig] Chr.[Christoph] Lauer of Nuernberg; size: 35mm, weight: 16g.
Obverse depicts a large Star of David surrounded by the legend "EIN NAZI FÄHRT NACH PALÄSTINA" ("A Nazi Travels to Palestine").
Reverse depicts swastika at top and legend below "UND ERZÄHLT DAVON IM ANGRIFF" ("And Tells About it in 'Attack'"), with "Angriff" written in the style of the newspaper's logo. Relatively thick planchet, plain edge; curiously the "g" in "Nuernberg" is missing its right side.
"Der Angriff" was a newspaper of the Berlin branch of the Nazi Party, established in 1927 (before the National Socialists were elected to government) by Joseph Goebbels, though it's circulation was relatively small and its importance diminished once the Party rose to power.
The article promoted by this token was actually a series of articles written by a member of the SS, Leopold Edler von Mildenstein (who wrote under the psudonym "Lim"), who spent 6 months in Palestine and wrote his observations for the newspaper in installments between 26 September and 9 October 1934.
Against the backdrop of the paper's vicious anti-Semitism it may come as a surprise that the purpose of the venture was to portray Palestine in a positive light, to encourage Jewish immigration to there. This approach follows the Party's/Hitler's policy at that time of both encouraging Jewish emigration out of Germany - and of using legal, economic and physical force to drive them out.
Ironically Palestine had a German-Templar community whose leader, Gotthilf Wagner, was an ardent anti-Semite and Nazi supporter (who was later assassinated in 1946 by the Palmach). Von Mildenstein was a degreed engineer, friendly with Zionists and even attended a few Zionist Congresses which in turn convinced him of the need to solve the Jewish "problem" through immigration to Palestine - except that few [assimilated] Jews actually wanted to go there.
In time von Mildenstein established and became the first head of the "Jewish Desk" of the SS Security Department (the SD), and whose assistant and successor when von Mildenstein resigned and joined the Foreign Ministry was Adolf Eichman.
Of interest on this token is the word "Nazi" - Party members did not use this short form to address themselves, its usage even being seen as a term of insult to them; normally they would have been called by the full name of their affiliation, "Nationalsozialisten" (National Socialists). In VF-EF; Kirschner Nr. 48.
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Item Code: 0130346 Price: €235
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Germany: Mein Kampf / Hitler anti-Semitic quotation brown-green colored porcelain medal (ND), circa. 1939; no artist mark - produced by Meissen; size: 50.5mm, weight: 18.95g.
Obverse bears unattributed quotation from "Mein Kampf" (pg. 69) on 4+1 lines with oak leaves on either side - "INDEM ICH MICH DES JUDEN ERWEHRE, KÄMPFE ICH FÜR DAS WERK DES HERRN. ADOLF HITLER" ("While I am resisting the Jews, I am doing the Lord's work"), with Meissen's logo below. On reverse, large depiction of state arms of the Third Reich.
Medallic rotation, with brown porcelain center surrounded by green colored edge.
Although Nazi Germany produced many porcelain tokens to commemorate military and national events, very few focus on quotations from Mein Kampf - and even fewer on overt expressions anti-Semitism. Probably issued around the time of the outbreak of the war in order to give it "messianic" justification (see for example 0130347). In UNC.
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Item Code: 0130353 Price: SOLD
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Germany: Anti-Semitic "Why We Fight" ("Wofür Kämpfen Unsere Feinde") medal, 1939; struck in zinc; no artist/maker mark; size: 40.5mm, weight: 21.15g.
Obverse depicts German soldier above industrial and agricultural workers, and legend around edge, "GROSSDEUTSCHLAND KÄMPFT FÜR DEN FRIEDEN GEGEN DEN SCHANDVERTRAG VON VERSAILLES" ("Greater Germany fights for Peace against the Shame-Treaty of Versailles") with date national (Nazi) emblem.
On reverse, a large caricatured "Jewish" figure with Star of David, with flames behind him and images of money and weaponry before him, with legend below "WOFÜR KÄMPFEN UNSERE FEINDE" ("For What do our Enemies Fight"). Relatively thick planchet, plain rim.
Of interest is the use of a Wehrmacht (German military) figure rather than an SS soldier: though the Waffen-SS did not figure prominently in the battlefield in the early years of the Second World War, it and not the Wehrmacht is popularly seen as the propagator of open anti-Semitism (though photographic and documentary evidence after the War showed the military was just as involved in the extermination of Jews during the war as the SS). In UNC; Kirschner Nr. 49, pg. 83.
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Item Code: 0130347 Price: SOLD
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